Viewers of the second Republican presidential debate heard inflated claims about Planned Parenthood abortion practices and a dubious assertion by Donald Trump that he wasn't interested in establishing casinos in Florida when anti-gambling Jeb Bush was running for and serving as governor.
Here are some of the claims in the debate Wednesday night and how they compare with the facts:
TRUMP: "I'm in favor of vaccines, do them over a longer period of time, same amount, but just in little sections and I think you're going to see a big impact on autism."
THE FACTS: Medical researchers have debunked claims that vaccines given to children can lead to autism and developmental disorders. The Institute of Medicine, part of the National Academy of Sciences, says vaccines are not free from adverse effects, "but most are very rare or very mild." A study that drew a connection between autism and vaccines was retracted in 2010.
For all of that, Trump asserted that a child of one of his employees "went to have the vaccine and came back and a week later got a tremendous fever, got very, very sick, now is autistic."
With those remarks, Trump waded into subject matter that had scalded a few others on the stage.
In February, Paul said he'd heard of "many tragic cases of walking, talking normal children who wound up with profound mental disorders after vaccines." But he quickly backed down under criticism from pediatric experts and others, and endorsed vaccines. New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, too, clarified that he supported the measles vaccine after appearing to question it.
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BUSH: "The one guy that had some special interests that I know of that tried to get me to change my views on something — that was generous and gave me money — was Donald Trump. He wanted casino gambling in Florida."
TRUMP: I didn't. ... Totally false...."
BUSH: "I'm not going to be bought by anybody."
TRUMP: "I promise if I wanted it, I would have gotten it."
THE FACTS: Trump's hopes of expanding casino operations in Florida in the mid-1990s were well known at the time. Trump employed a prominent lobbyist to represent his gambling interests in Florida. And news report from that time show he hosted a fundraiser to help Bush's campaign for governor and donated $50,000 to the Florida Republican Party during that campaign.
Bush did not bend in his opposition to casino gambling. It is not clear whether Trump approached Bush directly on the casino matter, but his interest in the enterprise is a matter of record.
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TEXAS SEN. TED CRUZ: "On these videos, Planned Parenthood also essentially confesses to multiple felonies. It is a felony with 10 years' jail term to sell the body parts of unborn children for profit. That's what these videos show Planned Parenthood doing."
THE FACTS: The Center for Medical Progress released five videos showing furtively recorded conversations with Planned Parenthood officials, recorded by people posing as representatives of a fictitious private company that buys fetal tissue for researchers. In the videos, Planned Parenthood officials discuss how they obtain tissue from aborted fetuses for research, how they decide how much to charge and how it's possible to alter the procedure to enhance the chances of recovering the organs being sought.
But the officials also repeatedly say they are only allowed by law to recover costs, not to make a profit. The videos don't unambiguously show otherwise.
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TRUMP: "I want to build a wall, a wall that works. So important, and it's a big part of it."
BEN CARSON: "I was down in Arizona a few weeks ago at the border. I mean, the fences that were there were not manned, and those are the kind of fences when I was a kid that would barely slow us down. So, I don't see any purpose in having that."
THE FACTS: The expectation that a fence all along the border with Mexico could stop illegal crossings is not borne out by the fencing that's already been built — about 700 miles of it. But neither is that fence as porous as Carson suggests. The reality is somewhere in between.
Maintaining the existing multibillion-dollar fencing has been a time-consuming task for Border Patrol agents, who routinely patrol the fence line looking for holes or other damage. It was never designed, or expected, to block all illicit traffic from coming across the border, but instead to act as a deterrent and slow those who try crossing on foot.
Even so, a fence section that appears unmanned is not unguarded. In urban areas such as El Paso, Texas, the fence line is monitored by cameras mounted atop fixed poles, and accessible to patrolling agents. Carson acknowledged that such areas can be more secure than some of the fencing in disrepair that he witnessed.
